今年兩會(huì)期間,“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”成了一個(gè)爆紅的熱詞,這個(gè)概念最早是習(xí)近平總書記在2023年9月9日主持召開新時(shí)代推動(dòng)?xùn)|北全面振興座談會(huì)上提出的。當(dāng)時(shí)他強(qiáng)調(diào)“積極培育新能源、新材料、先進(jìn)制造、電子信息等戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),積極培育未來產(chǎn)業(yè),加快形成新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力,增強(qiáng)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能”。當(dāng)天新華網(wǎng)的英語譯文是:It is necessary to foster strategic emerging industries including new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing and electronic information, and nurture industries of the future, in a bid to create new productivity boosters and new growth impetus.
此處“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”譯成了new productivity boosters,即“新的生產(chǎn)力助推器”的意思。
于是,“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”頻繁出現(xiàn)在各大重要會(huì)議和文件中。比如,去年年底的中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議提出,“以顛覆性技術(shù)和前沿技術(shù)催生新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新模式、新動(dòng)能,發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”。又如今年1月,上海市發(fā)布的《上海市促進(jìn)在線新經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展的若干政策措施》中專門有一章提及“打造支撐新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力的新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”,其中提到算力、城市區(qū)塊鏈、人工智能大模型和Web3.0生態(tài)等。
《咬文嚼字》等刊物和眾多媒體也不約而同地把此詞列入各自評(píng)選的2023年十大流行語。
“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”讓外媒一度“懵圈”,如何翻譯爭(zhēng)論不斷。把它翻譯成單一的科技創(chuàng)新,它又不僅限于科技創(chuàng)新,還涵蓋了生產(chǎn)要素的變革;把它翻譯成產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),同樣不太妥帖。
幾乎同時(shí),國內(nèi)英文媒體也出現(xiàn)了類似譯法,只是多了一個(gè)“quality”。例如,新華社3月5日刊發(fā)題為“Xi stresses developing new quality productive forces(習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力)”的雙語新聞:
President Xi Jinping stressed developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions during the second session of the 14th National People's Congress, China's national legislature.(習(xí)近平主席在十四屆全國人大二次會(huì)議上強(qiáng)調(diào),要因地制宜發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力。)
Developing new quality productive forces does not mean neglecting or abandoning traditional industries, Xi said. It is necessary to prevent a headlong rush into projects and the formation of industry bubbles, and avoid adopting just a single model of development, he noted.(發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力不是忽視、放棄傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè),習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào),要防止一哄而上、泡沫化,也不要搞一種模式。)
中國國際電視臺(tái)3月5日推送雙語新聞:國務(wù)院總理李強(qiáng)5日在政府工作報(bào)告中介紹今年政府工作任務(wù)時(shí)提出,大力推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系建設(shè),加快發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力。
China will strive to modernize the industrial system and develop new quality productive forces at a faster pace, according to a government work report submitted Tuesday to the national legislature for deliberation.(根據(jù)周二提交給國家立法機(jī)構(gòu)審議的一份政府工作報(bào)告,中國將努力實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)體系現(xiàn)代化,并加快發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力。)
筆者查了一下,其實(shí)中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)今年2月22日就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了這種含forces的譯法,文章題為China drafts new law to help develop private sector(中國將加快制定民營經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法):
According to the meeting, the country aims to maintain consistency and stability in policy formulation and implementation with legal thinking and methods. It will stimulate the endogenous motivating power and vitality of various types of operating entities and promote the accelerated development of new productive forces.(會(huì)議認(rèn)為,國家力爭(zhēng)以法制思維和方法,在政策制定和實(shí)施上保持一致性和穩(wěn)定性。激發(fā)各類經(jīng)營主體的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力和活力,促進(jìn)新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力的加速發(fā)展。)
筆者在我國外交部網(wǎng)站上還看到早期的另一種譯法,今年1月31日該網(wǎng)站刊發(fā)王毅外長(zhǎng)在外交部2024年新年招待會(huì)上的致辭,其中有一段:
The year 2023 witnessed the Chinese people and people from around the world supporting each other on the journey forward. China achieved a steady transition in its COVID-19 response and saw a rebound of its economy. High-quality development was pursued with solid steps, and qualitatively new productive forces were forming at a faster pace. The Chinese path to modernization was becoming ever broader. (2023年,中國人民同世界人民相互照亮、并肩前行。我們實(shí)現(xiàn)疫情防控平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)段,推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好,高質(zhì)量發(fā)展扎實(shí)推進(jìn),新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力加速形成,中國式現(xiàn)代化道路越走越寬廣。)
在qualitatively new productive forces的組合中,用副詞修飾形容詞,旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量上的新,結(jié)構(gòu)略顯拖沓。
其間,也有譯者建議用“disruptive(裂變性的)或transformative(變革性的)productive forces”來翻譯“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”,筆者覺得過于突兀。
現(xiàn)在看來,更多的英語主流媒體都傾向于使用更為簡(jiǎn)潔易懂的new productive forces。
至于此概念的漢語表達(dá),媒體早期呈現(xiàn)多種形式,如新型生產(chǎn)力、新的質(zhì)量生產(chǎn)力、新的優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力、新質(zhì)量生產(chǎn)力等,最終采用了“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”的簡(jiǎn)明說法。
不管怎么說,新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力確實(shí)有別于傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)力,涉及領(lǐng)域新、技術(shù)含量高,依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)是其中關(guān)鍵。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度看,新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力代表一種生產(chǎn)力的躍遷。它是科技創(chuàng)新在其中發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用的生產(chǎn)力,高效能、高質(zhì)量,區(qū)別于依靠大量資源投入、高度消耗資源能源的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展方式,是擺脫了傳統(tǒng)增長(zhǎng)路徑、符合高質(zhì)量發(fā)展要求的生產(chǎn)力,是數(shù)字時(shí)代更具融合性、更體現(xiàn)新內(nèi)涵的生產(chǎn)力。
“新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力”,起點(diǎn)是“新”,關(guān)鍵在“質(zhì)”,落腳于“生產(chǎn)力”。
陸建非
上海市歐美同學(xué)會(huì)顧問
上海師大外國語學(xué)院教授
中國跨文化交際學(xué)會(huì)上海分會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)
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